ANALOGY AND CLASSIFICATION

 

The logical reasoning section is an important part of competitive exams. It contains different types of reasoning questions that are intended to judge the analytical and logical reasoning skills of the candidate.
The logical reasoning questions can be verbal or non-verbal: In verbal logical reasoning questions, the concepts and problems are expressed in words. The candidates are required to read and understand the given text or paragraph and according choose the right answer from the given options. In non-verbal logical reasoning questions, the concepts and problems are expressed in the form of figures, images or diagrams and the candidates are required to understand them before choosing the right answer out of the given options.

तार्किक तर्क खंड प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा है। इसमें विभिन्न प्रकार के तर्कपूर्ण प्रश्न होते हैं जो अभ्यर्थी के विश्लेषणात्मक और तार्किक तर्क कौशल का न्याय करने के लिए होते हैं।
तार्किक तर्क वाले प्रश्न मौखिक या गैर-मौखिक हो सकते हैं: मौखिक तार्किक तार्किक प्रश्नों में, अवधारणाओं और समस्याओं को शब्दों में व्यक्त किया जाता है। उम्मीदवारों को दिए गए पाठ या पैराग्राफ को पढ़ने और समझने के लिए आवश्यक है और तदनुसार दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनें। गैर-मौखिक तार्किक तार्किक प्रश्नों में, अवधारणाएं और समस्याएं आंकड़े, चित्र या आरेख के रूप में व्यक्त की जाती हैं और उम्मीदवारों को दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही उत्तर चुनने से पहले उन्हें समझना आवश्यक है।
1. Typist : Typewriter :: Writer : ?
A.Book
B.Pen
C.Script
D. Paper
Answer - B .Pen
Explanation – 1st  User then using  device.
2. Hockey : Ground :: Athletics : ?
A. Ground
B.Court
C.Stadium
D.Arena
Answer – C.Stadium
Explanation – Athletics is played on the Stadium.
3. Ministers : Council :: Fish : ?
A.Fishes
B.Shoal
C.Herd
D.Flock
Answer -B.Shoal
Explanation – Group of fishes are called as Shoal.
4. Horse : Hay :: Cow : ?
A.Milk
B.Leaves
C.Straw
D.Fodder
Answer – D.Fodder
Explanation – 2nd is the food of first.
5.Needle : Thread :: Bike :
A.Petrol
B.Oil
C.Brake
D.Key
Answer – A.Petrol
Explanation – Second is used to perform the function of 1st.
6.Profit :: Income :: Loss : ?
A.Sale
B.Balance
C.Expenditure
D.Reciepts
Answer – C.Expenditure
Explanation – Opp of Income-Expenditure(profit opp is loss)
7.Wave : Air :: Ripples : ?
A.Smoke
B.Water
C.Storm
D.Wind
Answer – B.Water
Explanation – 2nd travel in 1st
8.Friendship : Goodwill :: Corruption : ?
A.Enemy
B.Money
C.Greed
D.Fraud
Answer – C.Greed
Explanation – 2nd  leads to first.
9.Blare : Sound :: Glint : ?
A.Light
B.Shade
C.Whift
D.Wave
Answer – A.Light
Explanation – 1st is related to second.
10.Chocolate : Sweet :: Encyclopaedia : ?
A.Dictionary
B.Book
C.Library
D.Composition
Answer – B.Book
Explanation – 1st is the enlarged form of second
11.Horse : Neigh :: Jackal : ?
A.Squeak
B.Chatter
C.Howl
D.Bray
Answer – B. Chatter
Explanation :Second is the sound produced by the First.
12.Sikkim : Gangtok :: Manipur : ?
A.Shillong
B.Imphal
C.Dispur
D.Mumbai
Answer -B. Imphal
Explanation :Second is the capital of first.
13.Annihilation : Fire :: Cataclysm ?
A.Flood
B.Earthquake
C.Steam
D.Emergency
Answer – A. Flood
Explanation :First is the result of second.
14.Carbon : Diamond :: Corundum : ?
A.Garnet
B.Pearl
C.Pukhraj
D.Ruby
Answer -D. Ruby
Explanation :Second is the form of first
15.Wheel : Hub :: Earth : ?
A.Centre
B.Rotation
C.Axis
D.Elliptical
Answer -C. Axis
Explanation :First rotate about the second
16.Bibliophile : Books :: Patriot: ?
A.Soceity
B.Defence
C.Country
D.Mankind
Answer  :C.Country
Explanation :First related to second interms of attraction or interest
17.Delicious : Taste :: Melody : ?
A.Tongue
B.Voice
C.Tone
D.Speak
Answer -B. Voice
Explanation :1st  describe the best of second.
18.Paddy : Field :: Steel : ?
A.Factory
B.Mine
C.Iron
D.Ore
Answer -A.Factory
Explanation :1st is produced in the second place.
19.Vehicle : Caravan :: Player : ?
A.Captain
B.Coach
C.Field
D.Team
Answer – D. Team
Explanation :Second is the group name of first
20.Win : Competition :: Invention : ?
A.Product
B.Trial
C.Discovery
D.Laboratory
Answer -B.Trial
Explanation :First is the ending action of second

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21.BIGE: JQOM: RYWV:?
a. AGFD
b. ZFDB
c. ZGEC
d. ZYVX
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Each letter of the first group is moved eight steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group.
22.ASTN: ZTSO:: MSUB:?
a. CRRC
b. LTTA
c. NTVC
d. LTTC
Answer: Option d
Explanation:
The 1st and 3rd letter of the group are each moved to 1 step backward while the 2nd and 4th 
letters are each moved one step forward to the corresponding letters the second group.
23. CEGI : JHFD :: KMOQ : ?
a. LPNR
b. RNPL
c. LNPR
d. RPNL
Answer: d
Explanation:
Alphabet Series - A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Write the next letters after the letters CEGI. We get DFHJ. Reverse them to get JHFD
Next letters after KMOQ is LNPR. Reversing them we get RPN
 24. 6 : 49 :: 7 : ?
a. 64
b. 63
c. 50
d. 81
Answer: a
Explanation:
6 : 49 = 6 : 7^2 = 6 : (6+1)^2
So, 7 : ? = 7 : (7+1)^2 = 7 : 64
25. Find the same relationship :
FJUL: BOQQ:: LHRX:?
a. BKPR
b. MNCC
c. HRYY
d. HMNC
Answer: Option d
Explanation:
The 1st and 3rd letter of the group are each moved to 4 steps backward while the 2nd and 3rd 
letters are each moved five steps forward to the corresponding letters the second group.
26. 121 : 169 :: 361 : __
a. 529
b. 400
c. 484
d. 576
Answer: Option a
Explanation:
121 : 169 :: 361 : __
(11)^2 : (13)^2 :: (19)^2 : __
The given numbers are squares of consecutive prime numbers. Hence, the prime number next to 19 is 23 and
(23)^2 = 529.
27. 324 : 400 ::576 : __
a. 625
b. 729
c. 784
d. 900
Answer: Option c
Explanation:
324 : 400 ::576 : __
The given numbers are the squares of consecutive composite numbers.
(18)^2 : (20)^2 :: (24)^2 : (25)^2
(25)^2 = 625 is the required number.
28. 36 : 343 :: __ :1331
a. 81
b. 121
c. 100
d. 144
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
36 : 343 :: __ : 1331
(6)^2 : (7)^3 :: (10)^2 : (11)^3
Hence, 10^2 = 100 is the missing number.
29. 13 : 2197 :: 16 : __
a. 256
b. 2744
c. 4096
d. 3378
Answer: Option c
Explanation:
13 : 2197 :: 16 : __
The given analogy is of the form n : n^3 13 : 13^3 :: 16 : 16^3
16^3 = 4096 is the missing number.

30. 22 : 506 :: 27 : __
a. 675
b. 756
c. 702
d. 783
Answer: Option b
Explanation:
22 : 506 :: 27 : __
22 : (22)^2 +22 :: 27 : (27)^2 +27
This is of the form n : n^2 +n.
(27)^2 +27 = 756 is the next number.
31.Afghanistan : Kabul :: Albania : ?
A.Algiers
B.Luanda
C.Tirane
D.Baku
Answer – C.Tirane
Explanation :Country : Capital
32.Brunei : Bandar Seri Begawan :: Bulgaria : ?
A.Sofia
B.Brasilia
C.Beijing
D.San Jose
Answer – A   Sofia
Explanation :Country : Capital
33.Chile : Santiago :: Chad : ?
A.Prague
B.Bogota
C.N’djamena
D.Nicosia
Answer – C.N’djamena
Explanation :Country : Capital
34.Denmark : Copenhagen :: Bahrain: ?
A.Belmopan
B.Manama
C.Ottawa
D.Praia
Answer – B.Manama
Explanation :Country : Capital
35.Costa Rica : San Jose :: Croatia : ?
A.Gaborone
B.Bangul
C.Havana
D.Zagreb
Answer – D.Zagreb
Explanation :Country : Capital
36.Belgium : Brussels :: Belarus : ?
A.Minsk
B.Havana
C.Nicosia
D.Bangul
Answer – A.Minsk
Explanation :Country : Capital
37.Australia : Canberra :: Armenia : ?
A.Kabul
B.Yerevan
C.Dhaka
D.Sofia
Answer – B.Yerevan
Explanation :Country : Capital
38.Canada : Ottawa : Cambodia : ?
A.Brasilia
B.Phnom Penh
C.Luanda
D.Vienna
Answer – B.Phnom Penh
Explanation :Country : Capital
39.China : Beijing :: Colombia : ?
A.Havana
B.Praia
C.Santiago
D.Bogota
Answer – 4)Bogota
Explanation :Country : Capital
40.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.Zinc
B.Iron
C.Copper
D.Mercury
E.Aluminium
Answer – D. Mercury
Explanation : Mercury is liquid remainings are solid
41.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.Silk
B.Wax
C.Honey
D.Cotton
E.Wool
Answer -E.Wool
Explanation :Except Wool others obtained from insects.
42.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.Bread
B.Pastry
C.Sweet
D.Cake
E.Biscuit
Answer – C. Sweet
Explanation :Remaining others are baked
43.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.92
B.52
C.39
D.78
E.45
Answer – A.92
Explanation :92 alone alone not divisible by 3
44. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.131
B.217
C.103
D.241
E.157
Answer – B. 217
Explanation :217 is not a prime number
45.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.May
B.June
C.July
D.December
E.January
Answer – B.June
Explanation :Remaining month has 31 days
46.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.After
B.Before
C.Now
D.Then
E.Again
Answer – E.Again
Explanation :Again is not a time period
47.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.Kidney
B.Lungs
C.Ear
D.Heart
E.Eye
Answer -D. Heart
Explanation :Remaining parts are in pair

48.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.Maharastra
B.Myanmar
C.Mumbai
D.Manipur
E.Mizoram
Answer -B. Myanmar
Explanation :Myanmar not in India
49.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.America
B.Asia
C.Austria
D.Argentina
E.Africa
Answer -A.Asia
Explanation :Asia is  a continent not country.
50.Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group ?
A.Mug
B.Pitcher
C.Jar
D.Saucer
E.Jug
Answer – D.Saucer
Explanation :Shape of the saucer different from others

If you want to practice more, then read this: https://www.shoutcoders.com/aptitude-and-reasoning/

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